POLICY BRIEF: 2026-09-24
⏱ 3 min read

Executive Summary

The European Union is at a pivotal moment, exploring new strategies to expand its membership to include Ukraine, Moldova, and the Western Balkans. A coalition of ten key member states, led by Germany, is proposing a transformative framework to address geopolitical challenges, public skepticism, and institutional readiness, aiming for a phased enlargement process by 2027.

The European Union (EU) has long been a beacon of stability, economic prosperity, and democratic values. Since its inception, the bloc has expanded from six founding members to 27, integrating diverse nations under a shared vision. However, the process of enlargement has often been fraught with challenges, from aligning new members with EU laws to addressing public concerns about economic and cultural impacts.

Today, the urgency for enlargement has reached new heights due to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. A peace settlement for Ukraine is widely seen as contingent on its EU membership, a prospect supported by both Kyiv and the United States. Yet, the EU faces internal divisions, with member states differing on how to balance geopolitical imperatives with domestic concerns. This debate has sparked renewed efforts to create a more flexible and inclusive accession framework.

Geopolitical Imperatives: The inclusion of Ukraine, Moldova, and the Western Balkans is not merely a matter of expansion but a strategic necessity. These regions are critical buffers against external threats, particularly from Russia. By integrating these nations, the EU can strengthen its geopolitical stability and economic resilience, ensuring a unified front against external adversaries.

Internal Challenges: Despite the clear geopolitical benefits, the EU faces significant hurdles. Public skepticism about enlargement remains high, fueled by concerns over economic strain, cultural integration, and the rise of far-right political movements. Additionally, the EU’s institutional framework is not fully prepared to absorb new members, necessitating reforms to ensure efficient governance and equitable resource distribution.

Proposed Solutions: To address these challenges, a coalition of ten EU member states, including Germany, Denmark, and Poland, is advocating for a phased integration model. This approach would allow candidate countries to gradually access EU policies and benefits, building trust and capacity over time. By tailoring the narrative to reflect national and local contexts, this strategy aims to garner public support while maintaining the EU’s core values of democracy and rule of law.

Impact on Migrants

The EU’s enlargement strategy represents a bold step toward addressing both geopolitical and humanitarian challenges. By adopting a phased and inclusive approach, the bloc can strengthen its unity, enhance its global standing, and offer hope to millions seeking a better future. The coming years will be critical in determining whether this vision becomes a reality.