The European External Action Service faces significant structural issues that hinder its effectiveness in a rapidly changing global landscape, prompting calls for comprehensive reforms.

Established in 2009 following the Lisbon Treaty, the European External Action Service has struggled with inherent flaws that compromise its ability to coordinate EU foreign policy. The dual role of the high representative, who also serves as the vice president of the European Commission, has proven to be an overwhelming responsibility, leading to inefficiencies in fulfilling the diverse demands of these positions.

The Lisbon reforms aimed to enhance continuity in EU foreign policy by eliminating the rotating presidency; however, they inadvertently created a hybrid institution with a weak identity. The EEAS has found it challenging to assert its authority and effectively manage foreign and economic policies, often lacking the necessary support from member states to take a leading role in shaping EU foreign relations.

As global tensions rise, the limitations of the EEAS have become increasingly apparent. The European Commission, under Ursula von der Leyen, has taken a more proactive stance in foreign affairs, often overshadowing the high representative’s role. This shift has led to a fragmented approach to foreign policy, with key discussions now occurring outside traditional institutional frameworks, raising questions about the future of EU diplomacy in an increasingly complex international environment.