Led by Pentagon under-secretary Elbridge Colby, the review aims to assess the positioning of American forces as Europe takes on greater responsibility for its conventional defence. The Pentagon’s approach, termed “NATO 3.0,” emphasizes European leadership in defence, while also evaluating the reliability of individual nations in providing access to bases and airspace for US operations. With EU defence spending projected to rise significantly, the challenge remains for European states to coordinate procurement and enhance military capabilities in a timely manner, ensuring that reductions in US forces do not create security gaps.