Egypt’s reliance on the Nile is under strain as water resources fail to meet the needs of its 120 million citizens.

The Nile, Egypt’s lifeline, supports nearly all its water supply, but agricultural demand consumes 80% of it, leaving the country unable to produce enough food for its population. Egypt imports 50% of its food, worsening its debt crisis.

President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi’s desert farming projects aim to expand agriculture but rely heavily on limited groundwater and Nile water, raising concerns about sustainability and social equity. Initiatives like SEKEM promote water-efficient farming to address the crisis.